While user experience and instantaneous access to data and services have become the norm, the IT infrastructure that supports these efforts has grown exponentially larger and more complex. In addition, IT organizations are facing ongoing pressures to reduce operational expenses while also maintaining compliance with a growing list of industry and governmental regulations. The end result is an IT organization that must give more people more access to disparate applications in less time, all the while, remaining accountable to a flood of parties governing said access. Today's identity governance and administration technologies must be able to provide broad provisioning support for on-premises and cloud apps, as well as entitlements certification to certify that privileges are appropriate, all while scaling to store millions of user identities.