Flower

A unified approach to federated learning, analytics, and evaluation. Federate any workload, any ML framework, and any programming language. Federated learning systems vary wildly from one use case to another. Flower allows for a wide range of different configurations depending on the needs of each individual use case. Flower originated from a research project at the University of Oxford, so it was built with AI research in mind. Many components can be extended and overridden to build new state-of-the-art systems. Different machine learning frameworks have different strengths. Flower can be used with any machine learning framework, for example, PyTorch, TensorFlow, Hugging Face Transformers, PyTorch Lightning, scikit-learn, JAX, TFLite, MONAI, fastai, MLX, XGBoost, Pandas for federated analytics, or even raw NumPy for users who enjoy computing gradients by hand.