Alternatives to Solidity
Compare Solidity alternatives for your business or organization using the curated list below. SourceForge ranks the best alternatives to Solidity in 2026. Compare features, ratings, user reviews, pricing, and more from Solidity competitors and alternatives in order to make an informed decision for your business.
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1
Vyper
Vyper
Vyper is a contract-oriented, pythonic programming language that targets the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Security: It should be possible and natural to build secure smart-contracts in Vyper. Language and compiler simplicity: The language and the compiler implementation should strive to be simple. Auditability: Vyper code should be maximally human-readable. Furthermore, it should be maximally difficult to write misleading code. Simplicity for the reader is more important than simplicity for the writer, and simplicity for readers with low prior experience with Vyper (and low prior experience with programming in general) is particularly important.Starting Price: Free -
2
ParaState
ParaState
Write Ethereum-compatible smart contracts in popular programming languages, & run them much faster, on Substrate. A decentralized open source business model funded by developer treasuries on participating blockchains. All existing Ethereum smart contracts work on ParaState’s Ewasm VM (Pallet SSVM) without any change. ParaState expands the developer ecosystem by supporting 20+ programming languages to create Ethereum-compatible smart contracts. Examples include generic programming languages such as Solidity, Fe, Rust, and JavaScript, and domain-specific languages (DSLs) such as MOVE, DeepSEA, and Marlowe. Substrate-based blockchains, such as Polkadot parachains, already enjoy much higher TPS (transactions per second) than Ethereum. For a smart contract platform, compute performance is more important than TPS throughput. Try deploying smart contracts on ParaState. -
3
Moonriver
Moonbeam Network
Moonriver is a companion network to Moonbeam and provides a permanently incentivized canary network. New code ships to Moonriver first, where it can be tested and verified under real economic conditions. Once proven, the same code ships to Moonbeam on Polkadot. Quickly deploy your new or existing Solidity DApps to the Moonriver parachain — with little or no modifications — and gain easy access to the Kusama network. By mirroring Ethereum’s Web3 RPC, accounts, keys, subscriptions, logs, and more, Moonriver minimizes the changes required to run existing Solidity smart contracts on the network. Ethereum projects can simply replicate their DApp and deploy it to Moonbeam using Hardhat, Truffle, Remix, and other popular deployment tools. Quickly deploy your new or existing Solidity DApps to the Moonriver parachain — with little or no modifications — and gain easy access to the Kusama network. -
4
Shiden
Shiden
Shiden Network is a multi-chain decentralized application layer on Kusama Network. Kusama Relaychain does not support smart contract functionality by design - Kusama Network needs a smart contract layer. This is where Shiden Network comes in. Shiden supports Ethereum Virtual Machine, WebAssembly, and Layer2 solutions from day one. The platform supports various applications like DeFi, NFTs and more. SDN token holders can stake their tokens on favorite dApps so that both nominators and the dApps developer can earn SDN tokens. If you are trying to deploy Solidity smart contracts, you have 2 ways to compile your smart contract: using Ethereum tools, or using Solang (a Solidity to WASM compiler). After compiling your contract, you can deploy it on our testnet, Dusty Network. -
5
Clarity
Clarity Smart Contracts
Clarity brings smart contracts to Bitcoin. It is a decidable language, meaning you can know, with certainty, from the code itself what the program will do. Clarity is interpreted (not compiled) & the source code is published on the blockchain. Clarity gives developers a safe way to build complex smart contracts for the world's most secure blockchain. The Clarity language uses precise and unambiguous syntax that allows developers to predict exactly how their contracts will be executed. The Clarity language allows users to supply their own conditions for transactions that ensure that a contract may never unexpectedly transfer a token owned by a user. Contracts written in Clarity are broadcasted on the blockchain exactly as they are written by developers. This ensures that the code developers wrote, analyzed, and tested, is exactly what gets executed.Starting Price: Free -
6
Edgeware
Edgeware
Edgeware is a platform for the next generation of decentralized applications. On Edgeware, Ethereum developers can deploy Solidity/EVM smart contracts with few or no changes, while new developers can get started with Rust and WebAssembly. Builders and organizers can find a place in one of Edgeware’s many collectives funded by the on-chain treasury to expand the network and explore new ideas. The treasury and chain are governed by a fairly-launched, widely distributed set of stakeholders established during the lockdrop, one of the largest Ethereum token generation events in 2018. With Edgeware you own your identity, control your data and can engage in the community using your real name or as an anonymous contributor. As you contribute you can develop a reputation through a range of achievements that attribute value to your profile and signal your value to the community. -
7
Cartesi
Cartesi
Build smart contracts with mainstream software stacks. Take a productive leap from Solidity to the vast universe of software components supported by Linux. Enable million-fold computational scalability, data availability of large files and low transaction costs. All while preserving the strong security guarantees of Ethereum. From games where players conceal their data to Enterprise applications that run on sensitive data, preserve privacy on your DApps. Descartes executes massive computational tasks off-chain, on a Linux virtual machine fully specified by a smart contract. The results of the computations are fully verifiable and enforceable on-chain by honest Descartes node runners, preserving the strong security guarantees of the underlying blockchain. Defeat the scalability limits of Ethereum, with million-fold computational gains, while preserving the strong security guarantees of the blockchain. -
8
Avalanche
Avalanche
Build on Avalanche. Build without limits. Avalanche is an open, programmable platform for decentralized finance applications. Launch Ethereum dapps that confirm transactions instantly and process thousands of transactions per second, far beyond any decentralized blockchain platform today. Deploy blockchains that fit your own application needs. Build your own virtual machine and dictate exactly how the blockchain should operate. Stake, or lock up, your AVAX to help process transactions and further secure the platform–providing security guarantees well-above the 51% standard. You probably have the hardware required to join the platform. Avalanche is Solidity-compatible. All of your favorite tools like Remix, Truffle, and Tenderly work out of the box. Deploying smart contracts on Avalanche cost just a tenth of what they cost on Ethereum. High gas fees, front-running, and other adverse effects of slow smart contract blockchains are now a thing of the past. -
9
AstraKode Blockchain
Astrakode
AstraKode Blockchain (AKB) is a low-code, web-based platform for enterprise blockchain solutions and smart contracts development, testing and deployment. The platform currently offers: The Network Composer, a guided visual IDE where users can design and easily configure a permissioned blockchain network (Hyperledger Fabric). At any point in time, users are also able to generate and download the network’s source code, which can then be either deployed locally or on distributed machines via automated scripts. Smart Contract IDE is a powerful tool that makes developing and deploying your blockchain application simple by creating a visual environment for smart contracts (Hyperledger Fabric, Solidity). This offers a higher level of abstraction, resulting in intuitive learning by doing. A Discord-hosted community for product and technology discussion and tutorials and a wiki linked to the platform for documentation and configuration guides foster open and responsive communication. -
10
Carbon Language
Google
Carbon Language: An experimental successor to C++. Performance matching C++ using LLVM, with low-level access to bits and addresses. Interoperate with your existing C++ code, from inheritance to templates. Fast and scalable builds that work with your existing C++ build systems. Solid language foundations that are easy to learn, especially if you have used C++. Easy, tool-based upgrades between Carbon versions. Safer fundamentals, and an incremental path towards a memory-safe subset. Carbon is fundamentally a successor language approach, rather than an attempt to incrementally evolve C++. It is designed around interoperability with C++ as well as large-scale adoption and migration for existing C++ codebases and developers.Starting Price: Free -
11
Milkomeda
Milkomeda
Milkomeda delivers rollup technologies to leading Layer 1 ecosystems by offering the most popular smart contracting language, Solidity, while enhancing inter-blockchain interoperability, user experience, and developer traction all at the Layer 2 level. Implementing the core foundation for non-EVM ecosystems to experience the benefits of both rollups and Solidity. Broader selection of dApps by allowing devs to port over existing projects from Ethereum. Move faster and cheaper while still accessing tooling and expertise from core development to security auditing. Our goal is to leverage the power of rollups for all chains, with audits at key points in the roadmap to ensure security of the protocol. Milkomeda can scale to hundreds of transactions per second without sacrificing long-term decentralization.We collaborate with wallets so that the experience of moving assets to Milkomeda is a breeze. -
12
OpenLaw
OpenLaw
OpenLaw makes it easy to create legal agreements that work with Ethereum. Wrap smart contracts in legal agreements in minutes using our tools. Sign and seamlessly interact with smart contracts. Our sandbox is for developers who want to make the next great product leveraging our tools, markup language, and blockchain extensions. OpenLaw is building a technology stack to help power next generation "smart" legal agreements. The OpenLaw protocol documentation is intended to provide a resource for developers to build around our open source language and integration APIs. OpenLaw Elements is a React component to help accelerate development for projects using OpenLaw. The main component of OpenLaw Elements is OpenLawForm. This component will render all other required form elements for a passed in template and its associated variable data. It also handles template sections and customizing their output. -
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Ethereum
Ethereum Foundation
Ethereum is the community-run technology powering the cryptocurrency, ether (ETH) and thousands of decentralized applications. Ethereum is a technology that's home to digital money, global payments, and applications. The community has built a booming digital economy, bold new ways for creators to earn online, and so much more. It's open to everyone, wherever you are in the world – all you need is the internet. Today, billions of people can’t open bank accounts, others have their payments blocked. Ethereum's decentralized finance (DeFi) system never sleeps or discriminates. With just an internet connection, you can send, receive, borrow, earn interest, and even stream funds anywhere in the world. Today, we gain access to 'free' internet services by giving up control of our personal data. Ethereum services are open by default – you just need a wallet. Stake your ETH to become an Ethereum validator. -
14
Hemi
Hemi
Hemi is a breakthrough modular Layer-2 blockchain protocol that seamlessly merges Bitcoin’s rock-solid security with Ethereum’s versatile programmability by embedding a full Bitcoin node into an Ethereum-compatible EVM, known as the Hemi Virtual Machine (hVM). This architecture allows developers to write Solidity smart contracts that natively access Bitcoin data without relying on bridges or synthetic assets. Using its proprietary Proof-of-Proof (PoP) consensus, Hemi achieves “superfinality,” anchoring transactions in Bitcoin blocks for high integrity and resistance to reorgs, all while maintaining fast finality. Its Hemi Bitcoin Kit (hBK) gives developers the tools to build truly Bitcoin-powered DeFi applications, such as lending, staking, automated market makers, MEV systems, and multi-chain DAOs, using real BTC as collateral or yield sources. -
15
Starknet
StarkWare
Starknet is a permissionless decentralized ZK-Rollup operating as an L2 network over Ethereum, where any dApp can achieve unlimited scale for its computation, without compromising Ethereum's composability and security. Starknet achieves scale, while preserving the security of L1 Ethereum by producing STARK proofs off-chain, and verifying those proofs on-chain. On Starknet, developers can easily deploy any business logic using Starknet Contracts. Starknet will provide Ethereum-level composability, facilitating easy development and compounding innovation. The STARK Prover powers the StarkEx scalability engine, and has already demonstrated the ability to process 600K transactions in a single proof on Mainnet. -
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Sentio
Sentio
End-to-end observability platform to help you gain insights, secure assets and troubleshoot transactions for your decentralized applications. Use our type-safe, easy-to-use yet powerful SDK to collect and transform data based on smart contracts' events, transactions, traces, and states. Collected data are versioned for fast and easy iteration. Build low-code, real-time dashboards in seconds with powerful transformation and aggregation functions. Visualize metrics and easily zoom in and out at different timespan. Set up real-time alerts to notify your team via Slack, Telegram, Email and webhook so you can react quickly to critical events. Emit structured logs that are searchable and can be referenced from real-time dashboards. Sentio's mission is to accelerate DApp proliferation by bringing the best and battle-tested developer tools, infrastructure and philosophy to the crypto world. Leave your email to receive updates about our launch and gain early access to our beta release.Starting Price: Free -
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Zilliqa
Zilliqa Research
At Zilliqa, we leverage on our silicon-smooth, speedy and cost-effective blockchain platform to catalyze and transform digital infrastructure across all global communities and industries. We're committed to delivering a scalable and secure platform for developers and enterprises who wish to build decentralized applications. Our unique application of sharding allows the blockchain to scale in a linear fashion. This ensures that the Zilliqa platform can scale to meet the needs of a growing ecosystem of miners and applications. Zilliqa is powered by the first peer- reviewed and safe-by-design smart contract language called Scilla. Using functional programming design principles (as in OCaml) allows it to be more friendly towards static checks and formal verification. Thanks to Zilliqa's consensus mechanism, the ecological footprint of mining has considerably been reduced. Only 1 minute out of every 2-3 hours is needed to mine ZIL, allowing one to dual-mine other chains at the same time. -
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BNB Smart Chain (BSC)
BNB Chain (Binance)
BNB Smart Chain (BSC) is a blockchain platform developed by Binance, designed to enable decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. It operates as a parallel chain to Binance Chain, combining high-speed transactions with the programmability of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts. BSC uses a Proof-of-Staked-Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism, which enhances scalability and efficiency while reducing transaction costs. It is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing developers to easily port dApps and projects from Ethereum. BSC has become a popular choice for decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, and NFT ecosystems, offering users a fast, low-cost, and secure platform for blockchain-based innovations. -
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Acala
Acala
Scale your DApp to Polkadot with Acala, an Ethereum-compatible smart contract platform optimized for DeFi. Acala is the decentralized finance network and liquidity hub of Polkadot. It’s a layer-1 smart contract platform that’s scalable, Ethereum-compatible, and optimized for DeFi with built-in liquidity and ready-made financial applications. With its trustless exchange, decentralized stablecoin (aUSD), DOT Liquid Staking (LDOT), and EVM+, Acala lets developers access the best of Ethereum and the full power of substrate. Access DOT-based assets and derivatives, Polkadot-native decentralized stablecoin, Polkadot ecosystem assets, and cross-chain assets from Bitcoin, Ethereum and beyond. Acala’s chain is customized for DeFi and can continue to upgrade without forks to integrate new features requested from developers. For example, on-chain ‘keepers’ automate protocol execution to better manage risks and improve user experience, or transaction fees payable with virtually any token. -
20
Ergo
Ergo Platform
Ergo builds advanced cryptographic features and radically new DeFi functionality on the rock-solid foundations laid by a decade of blockchain theory and development. Ergo draws on ten years of blockchain development, complementing tried and tested principles with the best peer-reviewed academic research into cryptography, consensus models and digital currencies. We start with solid blockchain basics and implement new and powerful cryptography natively. Our team has a solid background in core development with cryptocurrencies and blockchain frameworks including Nxt, Scorex and Waves, and our lean approach means we can prioritise new features and requirements quickly. -
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Cosmos
Cosmos
The Internet of Blockchains. Cosmos is an ever-expanding ecosystem of interconnected apps and services, built for a decentralized future. Enter a new universe of connected services. Cosmos apps and services connect using IBC, the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol. This innovation enables you to freely exchange assets and data across sovereign decentralized blockchains. Serving as the economic center of Cosmos, the Cosmos Hub is a blockchain that provides vital services to the Interchain. Set to operate a next-gen decentralized exchange, swapping digital assets from across the Interchain, with very low fees and instant transaction confirmation. With the upcoming Interchain Staking feature, ATOM will soon be securing many chains, in exchange for additional staking rewards. A core mission of the Hub – to connect chains by establishing IBC connections with compatible chains and operating decentralized bridges with chains like Ethereum and Bitcoin. -
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pdfmake
pdfmake
pdfmake is a PDF document generation library for server-side and client-side usage in pure JavaScript. Print PDFs directly in the browser or delegate them to your NodeJS backend. Use the same document definition in both cases. Forget about manual x, and y calculations. Declare document structure and let pdfmake do the rest. Use paragraphs, columns, lists, tables, canvas, etc. Declare your own styles, use custom fonts, build a DSL, and extend the framework. Line-wrapping, text-alignments (left, right, centered, justified), numbered and bulleted lists, margins, images, and vector graphics. Convenient styling, style inheritance, and custom style dictionaries. Auto/fixed/star-sized/percentage columns widths, col-spans, and row-spans, headers automatically repeated in case of a page-break, non-breaking rows, and non-breaking sections keeping headers and rows together. Static or dynamic content, page numbers, and page count.Starting Price: Free -
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Bash
Bash
Bash is a free software Unix shell and command language. It has become the default login shell for most Linux distributions. In addition to being available on Linux systems, a version of Bash is also available for Windows through the Windows Subsystem for Linux. Bash is the default user shell in Solaris 11 and was the default shell in Apple macOS from version 10.3 until the release of macOS Catalina, which changed the default shell to zsh. Despite this change, Bash remains available as an alternative shell on macOS systems. As a command processor, Bash allows users to enter commands in a text window that are then executed by the system. Bash can also read and execute commands from a file, known as a shell script. It supports a number of features commonly found in Unix shells, including wildcard matching, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables, and control structures for condition testing and iteration. Bash is compliant with the POSIX shell standards.Starting Price: Free -
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Nix
NixOS
Nix is a tool that takes a unique approach to package management and system configuration. Learn how to make reproducible, declarative, and reliable systems. Nix builds packages in isolation from each other. This ensures that they are reproducible and don't have undeclared dependencies, so if a package works on one machine, it will also work on another. Nix makes it trivial to share development and build environments for your projects, regardless of what programming languages and tools you’re using. Nix ensures that installing or upgrading one package cannot break other packages. It allows you to roll back to previous versions and ensures that no package is in an inconsistent state during an upgrade. Nix is a purely functional package manager. This means that it treats packages like values in purely functional programming languages such as Haskell, they are built by functions that don’t have side effects, and they never change after they have been built.Starting Price: Free -
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Harmony
Harmony
Harmony is an open and fast blockchain. Our mainnet runs Ethereum applications with 2-second transaction finality and 100 times lower fees. Harmony’s secure bridges offer cross-chain asset transfers with Ethereum, Binance and other chains. Harmony serves as a platform for creators to connect with their community. Harmony’s bridges can connect any Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake chains. Our FlyClient architecture are fully trustless and highly gas-efficient. Currently, our bridges for Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain secure tens of millions cross-chain assets. Developers simply change Chain ID and enjoy faster EVM executions identical at the bytecode level. They can use their familiar and standard Web3 tooling to easily migrate to Harmony. What about users? They can continue to use MetaMask or Ledger — but now pay minimal fees. Any Ethereum wallets or portals can work on Harmony without code changes or new installs. -
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Erlang
Erlang
Erlang is a programming language used to build massively scalable soft real-time systems with requirements on high availability. Some of its uses are in telecoms, banking, e-commerce, computer telephony and instant messaging. Erlang's runtime system has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance. OTP is set of Erlang libraries and design principles providing middle-ware to develop these systems. It includes its own distributed database, applications to interface towards other languages, debugging and release handling tools.Starting Price: Free -
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Raiden Network
Raiden Network
The Raiden Network is an off-chain scaling solution, enabling near-instant, low-fee and scalable payments. It’s complementary to the Ethereum blockchain and works with any ERC20 compatible token. The Raiden project is work in progress. Its goal is to research state channel technology, define protocols and develop reference implementations. The Raiden Network is an infrastructure layer on top of the Ethereum blockchain. While the basic idea is simple, the underlying protocol is quite complex and the implementation non-trivial. Nonetheless the technicalities can be abstracted away, such that developers can interface with a rather simple API to build scalable decentralized applications based on the Raiden Network. The basic idea of the Raiden Network is to avoid the blockchain consensus bottleneck. This is done by leveraging a network of payment channels which allow to securely transfer value off-chain, i.e without involving the blockchain for every transfer. -
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zkSync
Matter Labs
zkSync is Ethereum’s most user-centric ZK rollup. Unlike any other scaling approach, ZK rollup has no upper bound on the value it can securely handle in L2. Unlike optimistic rollups, all assets can be moved capital-efficiently and fast between ZK rollup and L1. zkSync has the lowest real tx costs across all existing and planned rollups. zkSync also supports meta-transactions, instant confirmations with economic finality, low-cost privacy, and more. Ease and fun of development are at the core of zkSync design. Integrate payments and atomic swaps in a few lines of code. Develop type-safe, functional style smart contracts on Zinc: a Rust-based framework. Deploy your existing EVM codebase with minimum modifications. -
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LOLCODE
LOLCODE
LOLCODE can interpret files from standard input or from a file. Spaces are used to demarcate tokens in the language, although some keyword constructs may include spaces. Multiple spaces and tabs are treated as single spaces and are otherwise irrelevant. Indentation is irrelevant. A command starts at the beginning of a line and a newline indicates the end of a command, except in special cases. Multiple commands can be put on a single line if they are separated by a comma (,). In this case, the comma acts as a virtual newline or a soft command break. Multiple lines can be combined into a single command by including three periods or the Unicode ellipsis character (u2026) at the end of the line. Lines with line continuation can be strung together, many in a row, to allow a single command to stretch over more than one or two lines. As long as each line is ended with three periods, the next line is included, until a line without three periods is reached.Starting Price: Free -
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Moonbeam
Moonbeam Network
No need to rewrite or reconfigure your smart contracts. Moonbeam is much more than just an EVM implementation: it’s a highly specialized Layer 1.5 chain that mirrors Ethereum’s Web3 RPC, accounts, keys, subscriptions, logs, and more. The Moonbeam platform extends the base Ethereum feature set with additional features such as on-chain governance, staking, and cross-chain integrations. Address segments of your market that are out of reach on Ethereum due to gas prices. Enjoy a “first mover” advantage by deploying early to Polkadot’s rapidly expanding parachain ecosystem. Built-in integrations for assets like DOT and ERC-20s, and infrastructure services like Chainlink and The Graph. Moonbeam is much more than just an EVM implementation: it’s a highly specialized Layer 1 chain that mirrors Ethereum’s Web3 RPC, accounts, keys, subscriptions, logs, and more. The Moonbeam platform extends the base Ethereum feature set with additional features such as on-chain governance. -
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Optimism
Optimism PBC
The new scalability stack for Ethereum. Instant transactions and scalable smart contracts. Optimism is a Public Benefit Corporation (PBC): a for-profit corporation intended to produce a public benefit and operate in a responsible and sustainable manner. This means that we are obligated to balance the pecuniary interests of our stockholders with the best interests of those materially affected by our conduct, as well as a specific "public benefit charter" we incorporated with. The specific public benefit purpose of the Company is to enhance and enshrine fair access to public goods on the internet through the development of open source software. This charter represents our pledge to the Ethereum community to uphold its values by producing infrastructure which promotes the growth and sustainability of an ecosystem of public goods. -
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Eclipse Ceylon
Eclipse Ceylon
Eclipse Ceylon is a language for writing large programs in teams. To learn more, read the 15 minute quick intro, before taking the tour of the language. The best way to try it out is to download the IDE and write some code. Then you can explore the modules in Ceylon Herd. Or you can try it online. This is a community project. Everything we produce is open source and all our work happens out in the open on GitHub and GitHub. Eclipse Ceylon's powerful flow-sensitive static type system catches many bugs while letting you express more, more easily: union and intersection types, tuples, function types, mixin inheritance, enumerated types, and reified generics. We spend more time reading other people's code than writing our own. Therefore, Eclipse Ceylon prioritizes readability, via a highly regular syntax, support for treelike structures, and elegant syntax sugar where appropriate.Starting Price: Free -
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Gitcoin
Gitcoin
Gitcoin is a platform for you to get paid for working on open source software in Python, Rust, Ruby, JavaScript, Solidity, HTML, CSS, Design, and more. Earn money while building open source decentralized applications, learning new technologies and meeting like-minded developers. Build exciting projects and upskill on development while earning Ethereum and other tokens. Find mentorship by connecting with talented developers and leaders of Ethereum’s top companies. Discover great open source projects working hard to impact the ecosystem. Get involved by funding, supporting, or mentoring projects to help push the Ethereum forward. -
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AssemblyScript
The AssemblyScript Project
A TypeScript-like language for WebAssembly. AssemblyScript targets WebAssembly's feature set specifically, giving developers low-level control over their code. Its similarity with TypeScript makes it easy to compile to WebAssembly without learning a new language. Integrates with the existing Web ecosystem - no heavy toolchains to set up. Simply npm install it! AssemblyScript is free and open source software released under the Apache License, Version 2.0, builds upon Binaryen and is based on the WebAssembly specification. It is brought to you by the following awesome people:Starting Price: Free -
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Darwinia Network
Darwinia Network
Darwinia Network provides an entrance to the Polkadot ecology for projects that have been deployed on public blockchains such as Ethereum and BSC. Darwinia Smart App is compatible with the Ethereum virtual machine, and supports DApps such as Defi and NFT, which can be easily migrated to Polkadot. Darwinia network can bring users a very high-quality experience, including very low transaction fees and ultra-fast transaction confirmation speed. Darwinia Network has a sound governance system where all token holders can submit proposals. Upgrades to the network are coordinated on-chain and enacted autonomously, ensuring that Darwinia’s development reflects the values of the community and avoids stagnation. The native tokens for Darwinia Network are RING, KTON. KTON is a derivative commitment token of RING, which encourages long-term involvement. Darwinia Network is a blockchain technology company, established in Singapore, 2018. -
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Truebit
Truebit
Truebit is a blockchain enhancement which enables smart contracts to securely perform complex computations in standard programming languages at reduced gas costs. While smart contracts can perform small computations correctly, large computation tasks pose security risks for blockchains. Truebit counteracts this shortcoming via a trustless, retrofitting oracle which correctly performs computational tasks. Any smart contract can issue a computation task to this oracle in the form of WebAssembly bytecode, while anonymous “miners” receive rewards for correctly solving the task. The oracle’s protocol guarantees correctness in two layers: a unanimous consensus layer where anyone can object to faulty solutions, and an on-chain mechanism which incentivizes participation and ensures fair remuneration. These components formally manifest themselves through a combination of novel, off-chain architecture and on-chain smart contracts. -
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Tezos
Tezos
Security focused. Upgradable. Built to last. Tezos is an open-source platform for assets and applications backed by a global community of validators, researchers, and builders. Tezos addresses key barriers facing blockchain adoption to date: smart contract safety, long-term upgradability, and open participation. Tezos is designed to provide the safety and code correctness required for assets and other high value use cases. Its native smart contract language, Michelson, facilitates formal verification, a methodology commonly used in mission-critical environments such as the aerospace, nuclear, and semiconductor industries. Tezos’ modular architecture and formal upgrade mechanism allow the network to propose and adopt new technological innovations smoothly as they emerge. These aspects, combined with Tezos’ on-chain invoicing mechanism, enable the protocol to remain the state-of-the-art long into the future — without sacrificing community consensus. -
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Stratis
Stratis
Highly decentralized blockchain development platform; built to enable Microsoft developers to develop blockchain solutions in a language they know and love. Stratis provides a feature-rich ecosystem with tooling and Software-Development-Kits that allow solutions to be built with confidence and assurance thanks to the mature underlying framework. Decentralized, highly secure, and energy-efficient, the Stratis Platform presents the ideal platform to deploy your blockchain project. Stratis’ architecture is based upon Bitcoin, the most secure blockchain to date; combined with Stratis’ implementation of Proof-of-Stake the blockchain produces a low carbon footprint thanks to energy-efficient block production. The Stratis Platform provides a feature-rich toolset, lowering the barrier to entry for new developers learning blockchain concepts with code examples and reference implementations. -
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Loopring
Loopring
Loopring is an open protocol for building scalable non-custodial exchanges on Ethereum. Leveraging zero-knowledge proofs (zkRollup), it allows for high performance trading (high throughput, low settlement cost), without sacrificing Ethereum-level security guarantees. Users always maintain 100% control of their assets throughout the trade lifecycle. You can trade on Loopring to test it out. Loopring is an open-sourced, audited, and non-custodial exchange protocol, which means nobody in the Loopring ecosystem needs to trust others. Cryptoassets are always under users' own control, with 100% Ethereum-level security guarantees. Loopring powers highly scalable decentralized exchanges by batch-processing thousands of requests off-chain, with verifiably correct execution via ZKPs. The performance of underlying blockchains is no longer the bottleneck. Loopring performs most operations, including order-matching and trade settlement, off the Ethereum blockchain. -
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Clarinet
Hiro
Clarinet provides a CLI package with a Clarity runtime, an REPL, and a testing harness. Clarinet includes a Javascript library, testing environment, and a browser-based Sandbox. With Clarinet, you can rigorously iterate on your smart contracts locally before moving into production. Clarity is a programming language that brings smart contracts to Bitcoin. It’s optimized for security and predictability, and it gives developers a safe way to build complex smart contracts. Clarity is designed for high-stakes code where bugs are not an option. -
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Kusama
Kusama
Unprecedented interoperability and scalability for blockchain developers who want to quickly push the limits of what’s possible. Built using Substrate with nearly the same codebase and industry-leading multichain infrastructure as Kusama’s cousin, Polkadot. The relationship between society and technology has deteriorated to the point where large entities routinely stretch and overstep their authority. Kusama is a network built as a risk-taking, fast-moving ‘canary in the coal mine’ for its cousin Polkadot. It's a living platform built for change agents to take back control, spark innovation and disrupt the status quo. Move fast and ship your product. Kusama’s risk-taking and nimble mentality allows developers to move swiftly through the governance and upgrade process, enabling rapid progress and growth. Build on a next-generation, sharded, multichain network, while employing the newest features before they are deployed on Polkadot. -
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Arbitrum
Offchain Labs
Next generation layer 2 for Ethereum dApps. Use your favorite tools and scale your dApp at the lowest cost. An aggregator plays the same role that a node plays in Ethereum. Client software can do remote procedure calls (RPCs) to an aggregator, using the standard API, to interact with an Arbitrum chain. The aggregator will then make calls to the EthBridge and produce transaction results to the client, just as an Ethereum node would. Most clients will use an aggregator to submit their transactions to an Arbitrum chain, although this is not required. There is no limit on how many aggregators can exist, nor on who can be an aggregator. To improve efficiency, aggregators will usually package together multiple client transactions into a single message to be submitted to the Arbitrum chain. Arbitrum also supports a privileged Sequencer that can order transactions and give low latency transaction receipts. -
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Flow
Flow Blockchain
Flow is a new blockchain built for the next generation of apps, games, and the digital assets that power them. Flow was designed from the ground up as a foundation for internet-scale protocols and applications that also require exceptional user experience. Conceived by the team behind CryptoKitties, Flow was developed and stress-tested with top global partners and is now open for anyone to contribute to and benefit from. Battle-tested in production and ready to help you build the kinds of applications that people want to use. A simple feature that will pay dividends in software quality and development speed. A new easy-to-learn programming language designed for dapps and digital assets. Securely and transparently patch bugs and upgrade pre-specified parts of a smart contract. Flow is built to be fast and responsive – achieving global finality within seconds. -
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Polkadot
Polkadot
Polkadot is a blockchain network being built to enable Web 3.0, a decentralized and fair internet where users control their own data and markets prosper from network efficiency and security. Polkadot was founded in 2016 by Gavin Wood, former Co-Founder and CTO of Ethereum. Polkadot’s technology addresses the major issues that have stymied blockchain adoption in recent years. Polkadot’s software development toolkit, Substrate, created by Parity Technologies, makes it easy for blockchain developers to build their own custom, fit-for-use blockchains. Polkadot also enables multiple blockchains to communicate between each other, allows for easy upgradeability, and introduces “shared security”, a plug-and-play network security model that allows developers to focus on the technology and avoid spending time and resources recruiting a set of operators to run a new blockchain. -
45
Secret Network
Secret Network
Secret Network is the first blockchain with data privacy by default, allowing you to build and use applications that are both permissionless and privacy-preserving. This unique functionality protects users, secures applications, and unlocks hundreds of never-before-possible use cases for Web3. Whether you’re a developer, an artist, an entrepreneur, or a dreamer, you can become a Secret Agent and contribute to Secret Network. Check out the many contributors, collaborators, applications, and backers that make up the Secret Network ecosystem. With blockchain technology, we have the potential to create a more empowering and inclusive internet, what is often referred to as Web3. But current blockchains are public by default, exposing all data to everyone and putting users at risk. In order to enable meaningful use cases and achieve global adoption, users and organizations need control over how their data is used and shared, a concept we call programmable privacy. -
46
Consensys Quorum
Consensys
ConsenSys Quorum enables enterprises to leverage Ethereum for their high-value blockchain applications. Businesses can rely on the Quorum open-source protocol layer and integrate on top of it product modules from ConsenSys, other companies, or your own in-house development team to build high-performance, customizable applications. Our mission is the seamless adoption of blockchain technology. On top of ConsenSys Quorum, you can integrate product modules from ConsenSys, third-party vendors, or your own in-house developers to build high-performance, customizable applications. ConsenSys Quorum consists of two open-source projects, one based on Hyperledger Besu and another on GoQuorum. ConsenSys Quorum Blockchain Service Support is a subscription-based support service providing developers and businesses with on-demand, developer, or production support for the Quorum open-source protocol projects, plus additional tooling and upgrades to ensure the success of your production system. -
47
Chia
Chia Network
A new blockchain and smart transaction platform that is easier to use, more efficient, and secure. We believe that cryptocurrency should be easier to use than cash, harder to lose, and nearly impossible to steal. Anyone who wants to validate transactions should be able to farm without single-use hardware or a big electricity bill. Chia Network develops a blockchain and smart transaction platform created by the inventor of BitTorrent, Bram Cohen. It implements the first new Nakamoto consensus algorithm since Bitcoin in 2008. Proofs of Space and Time replace energy intensive “proofs of work.” Chialisp is Chia’s new on chain programming language that is powerful, easy to audit, and secure. It will make cryptocurrency easier to use than cash. Reference smart transactions currently available are: Colored coins, rate-limited wallets, and distributed identity wallets. -
48
Meter
Decentralized Finance Labs
Meter is a high performance infrastructure that allows smart contracts to scale and travel seamlessly through heterogeneous blockchain networks. Meter is a Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchain protocol. The Meter system consists of two tokens: MTRG, the governance token (eMTRG is the ERC20 version), and MTR, the low-volatility currency token. Financial assets should flow freely among blockchains. Meter’s HotStuff-based consensus allows 1000s of validator nodes, making Meter the most decentralized Layer 2 for Ethereum. Meter processes thousands of transactions per second and transactions are confirmed almost instantly. Meter Passport allows assets and smart contracts travel and communicate across heterogeneous blockchains for the best price, liquidity and yield. Meter is an Ethereum Compatible with unique enhancements. Unlike other Layer 2, DEXes build on Meter are front running/MEV resistant, fast and uncensorable. -
49
Hedera Hashgraph
Hedera Hashgraph
Hedera is owned and governed by the world's leading organizations. Hedera is the most used enterprise-grade public network for you to make your digital world exactly as it should be – yours. HBAR is the native, energy-efficient cryptocurrency of Hedera that powers the decentralized economy. Whether you're a startup or enterprise, a creator or consumer, Hedera goes beyond blockchain for developers to create the next era of fast, fair, and secure applications. Bitcoin pioneered decentralized infrastructure and Ethereum brought programmability. But earlier proof-of-work blockchains consume massive amounts of energy and process transactions slowly in order to achieve acceptable levels of security. Heavy bandwidth consumption by these technologies leads to expensive fees, even for a simple cryptocurrency transaction. The Hedera proof-of-stake public network, powered by hashgraph consensus, achieves the highest-grade of security possible (ABFT). -
50
Terra
Terra
Anchor Protocol allows Terra stablecoin deposits to earn stable yield, powered by block rewards of leading proof-of-stake blockchains. Terra stablecoins offer instant settlements, low fees and seamless cross-border exchange - loved by millions of users and merchants. Mirror Protocol allows the creation of fungible assets, “synthetics”, that track the price of real world assets. Mirror synthetics are intended to be used as key building blocks in smart contracts, and to bring the world’s assets to the blockchain. Build smart contracts in Rust, Go, or AssemblyScript. Run on multiple chains, connected by the Cosmos IBC. Use Terra stablecoins, onchain swaps, layer 1 oracles as primitives. Expose dApp userbases to Terra's payment services in a permissionless fashion. Terra aims to make its stablecoins available to every developer on every blockchain. Now live on Ethereum and Solana, and coming to more soon.
