BitcoinOS
BitcoinOS (BOS) is a modular, open source smart contract platform designed to bring scalable, interoperable, and programmable functionality to Bitcoin without altering its base layer. Utilizing zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs through its BitSNARK protocol, BOS enables the execution of smart contracts directly on Bitcoin's mainnet, facilitating decentralized applications (dApps), decentralized finance (DeFi), and trustless cross-chain interactions. BitcoinOS' architecture comprises three layers: the Bitcoin Core base layer, an execution layer that aggregates and compresses transactions, and a compute layer consisting of interoperable rollups called Execution Environment Modules (EEMs). These EEMs support various virtual machines, including Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and Rust-based environments, allowing developers to build applications in multiple programming languages.
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Polyhedra
Bringing interoperability and scalability with cutting-edge zero-knowledge proof systems. zkBridge uses zkSNARKs to enable a prover to efficiently convince the receiver chain that a certain state transition happened on the sender chain. zkBridge consists of a block header relay network and an updater contract. The block header relay network retrieves the block headers from the sender chain, generates proofs of the validity of the block headers, and sends the headers along with the proofs to the updater contract (set up on the receiver chain). The updater contract maintains a light-client state. It automatically adds block headers of the sender chain once the associated proofs are verified, and updates the current main chain of the sender chain. Polyhedra Network implements infrastructures for interoperability across heterogeneous systems which guarantee strong security without extra trust assumptions.
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Across Protocol
Across offers high speed, low fee interoperability solutions powered by intents. Intents is proving to be a winning solution, as Across dominates the routes its supports, frequently able to provide the cheapest and fastest bridge option.
Across' unique value is that it guarantees genuine, not synthetic, assets are transferred cross-chain. With an Across integration, dapps and blockchains are able to provide their users with best-execution cross-chain settlement, without security tradeoffs.
Across Protocol offers three products built on a modular, intents-based framework. Across Bridge, which offers high speed, low fee token bridging. Across+, a free chain abstraction tool that allows dapps to onboard users, from any chain, in seconds, for cents. Lastly, Across Settlement, which is a settlement layer that dapps can plug into, to execute intents-based order flow.
The future of interoperability are intents, and Across is leading its execution.
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Axiom
Access more data at a lower cost on-chain, made trustless by the power of ZK. Use transactions, receipts, and historic states in your smart contract. Axiom supports computing over the entire history of Ethereum, verified by ZK proofs on-chain. Combine data from block headers, accounts, contract storage, transactions, and receipts. Specify computation over the history of Ethereum in Typescript with the Axiom SDK. Access our library of ZK primitives for arithmetic, logic, and array operations, verifiable on-chain. Axiom verifies query results on-chain with ZK proofs and sends them to your smart contract callback. Build truly trustless on-chain apps with ZK-verified results from Axiom. Trustlessly evaluate and pay protocol participants without external oracles. Reward protocol contributions based on on-chain behavior, even in external protocols. Slash for bad behavior according to custom criteria.
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