GNV_________________________________________________
Read First Before Installing
December 2003
This document describes the features and
functionality provided with the OpenVMS GNV software;
explains how to install, set up, and use the software
on your OpenVMS system; lists differences between GNV
on OpenVMS and the counterpart utilities on UNIX; and
lists documentation available with the GNV software
kit and sources for information available on the
Internet.
Revision/Update Information: This is a new document.
Operating System: OpenVMS Alpha Version
7.3-2, OpenVMS Industry
Standard 64 (I64)
Version 8.1
Software Version: OpenVMS Alpha GNV
Version 1.5-6, OpenVMS
I64 GNV Version T1.5-6
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Houston, Texas
________________________________________________________________
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
This document was prepared using DECdocument, Version 3.3-
1b.
_________________________________________________________________
Contents
Preface................................................... v
1 Overview of GNV Features and Functionality.... 1
1.1 Using GNV utilities from DCL.............. 2
1.2 ODS-5 Requirement......................... 2
2 Utilities Provided with GNV................... 3
2.1 UNIX Utilities Provided for OpenVMS....... 3
2.2 Utilities Exhibiting Variant Behavior..... 16
3 Installation Instructions..................... 17
3.1 Installing the GNV Software on Your System
Disk...................................... 17
3.2 Installing Your GNV Software on a Location
Other Than the System Disk................ 19
3.3 If You Move the Target Disk After
Installation.............................. 19
4 Setup Requirements............................ 19
5 Using GNV..................................... 20
6 General Environmental Differences Between
GNV/OpenVMS and UNIX Systems.................. 21
6.1 Root Directory............................ 21
6.2 Multiple Versions of a File............... 22
6.3 Case Sensitivity in File Names............ 22
6.4 Variances in Interpretation of Characters
and Unsupported Characters................ 22
6.4.1 File Names Beginning with a Period...... 22
6.4.2 Control Characters...................... 23
7 Reporting Problems............................ 23
8 Bug Fixes..................................... 23
9 Documentation................................. 24
iii
Tables
1 GNV Utilities............................. 3
2 GNV-Supplied Documentation................ 25
3 External Sources of Information........... 31
iv
_________________________________________________________________
Preface
This document includes information about the GNV software,
including:
o Features and functionality
o Utilities provided with the software
o Installation and setup instructions
o Differences between the OpenVMS GNV utilities and their
counterparts on UNIX systems
o Reporting problems
o Documentation provided with the GNV software
o Sources of information on the Internet
Conventions Used in This Document
OpenVMS utilities, commands, file names, and directory
names are shown in uppercase text, while UNIX utilities,
commands, file names, and directory names are shown in
lowercase text.
The following additional conventions are used in this
document:
v
___________________________________________________________
Convention____Meaning______________________________________
Italic The use of italic text indicates a place
holder for information or parameters that you
must provide. For example, if the procedure
asks you to type file name, you must type the
actual name of a file.
Italic text also indicates titles of other
documentation referenced.
monospace The use of monospace text indicates actual
commands and characters that you enter, and
the system display.
Ctrl/x While you hold down the Ctrl key, press
______________another_key_or_a_pointing_device_button._____
Reader's Comments
HP welcomes your comments on this manual. Please send
comments to either of the following addresses:
Internet openvmsdoc@hp.com
Postal Hewlett-Packard Company
Mail OSSG Documentation Group, ZKO3-4/U08
110 Spit Brook Rd.
Nashua, NH 03062-2698
vi
1 Overview of GNV Features and Functionality
The GNV software provides an open source, GNU-based, UNIX
environment for OpenVMS. It provides UNIX application
developers, system managers, and users a UNIX-style
environment so that they can easily develop and port UNIX
software to OpenVMS. (GNU is a UNIX-like operating system
that is free software. Linux is basically a GNU system: the
system is GNU, while the kernel is Linux.)
GNV provides a UNIX-like shell (command-line interpreter)
environment and a C Run-Time Library (CRTL) supplemental
library to provide utilities typically found on UNIX
systems. The shell used by GNV is bash (Bourne-Again SHell,
from GNU, using the POSIX.2 specification).
________________________ Note ________________________
To the normal user, bash performs like a command-line
interpreter; however, bash is not a replacement for
the OpenVMS DCL (DIGITAL command language) command-
line interpreter.
GNV for OpenVMS is a port of a series of GNU software
intended for UNIX-like systems to OpenVMS. It is
offered for your use under the terms and conditions of
a GNU General Public License (GPL). You can see the
latest GPL at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-
license.html. Several copies of the GPL are also
included with the GNV kit. After you install the
kit, you can find these copies in any of several
directories, in a file named COPYING.; as in the
following example, in OpenVMS terminology:
GNU:[SRC.GNV.FINDUTILS]COPYING.
Or, in UNIX terminology:
/gnu/src/gnv/findutils/copying.
OpenVMS engineering is very interested in your
experiences using the port of the GNU software
to OpenVMS and encourages all customers to report
problems and issues. Your feedback can help us enhance
future versions of the GNV software for OpenVMS. For
information on reporting problems, see Section 7.
______________________________________________________
1
1.1 Using GNV utilities from DCL
It has come to our attention that some users like to
run GNV utilities from the DCL prompt rather than from
within bash. While this may work in many cases, HP does
not support this method and does not guarantee that the
utilities will work as expected. Most noticeably effected
will be use of wildcards, which must be processed by bash.
They will not work when a GNV utility is run from DCL. The
following example illustrates the inconsistency of results
obtained when running ls from the DCL prompt:
$ ls
A PRINT_ENV.C T.C TEST.H TEST_FWRITE.C test
HELLO.C SLEEP.C TEST.C TEST.H-GZ t.t.t.t.t
$ ls *.c
/VMS$COMMON/GNV/bin/LS.EXE: *.c: no such file or directory
$ ls *.C
/VMS$COMMON/GNV/bin/LS.EXE: *.c: no such file or directory
$
1.2 ODS-5 Requirement
ODS-5 disks allow use of files with extended file names,
including most UNIX style filenames. Such file names are
common in Open Source software. GNV includes mostly ported
Open Source (or free software) code, and as such contains
numerous files with UNIX style file names.
While it may be possible to install GNV (or at least
portions of GNV) on ODS-2 disks, HP recommends that you
install GNV on an ODS-5 disk. Installing GNV on an ODS-2
disk is likely to result in numerous installation warning
and error messages. GNV has been tested primarily on an
ODS-5 disk. HP does not guarantee the functionality of GNV
on an ODS-2 disk.
Likewise, you can operate GNV on an ODS-2 disk, but some
file naming features will not be usable on such a disk. You
will not be able to make use of case-senstive file names or
file names with special characters, such as multiple dots,
which are so common in UNIX environments.
2
2 Utilities Provided with GNV
This section lists the UNIX utilities provided with GNV and
describes any differences observed between the utilities
as used on OpenVMS systems and the counterparts as used on
UNIX systems.
2.1 UNIX Utilities Provided for OpenVMS
Table 1 lists the utilities provided with GNV on OpenVMS.
Included for some of the listed utilities are OpenVMS
command equivalents as well as behaviors that vary from
expected behavior on a UNIX system. HP does not guarantee
that all variances have been observed and documented.
Table_1_GNV_Utilities____________________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
General_Purpose_Utilities________________________________________
basename Returns actual, base file name
when given a path.
bash Invokes bash shell.
bind Equates a key sequence to a
function.
cd Changes the current working OpenVMS DCL SET
directory. DEFAULT
date Displays current date and OpenVMS DCL SHOW TIME
time.
dirs Displays a list of currently
remembered directories.
exit Terminates the shell.
help Provides explanatory text
about bash internal commands
and features.
history Displays the list of OpenVMS DCL RECALL
previously executed commands.
hostname Sets or displays name of
current host system.
(continued on next page)
3
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
General_Purpose_Utilities________________________________________
id Displays the current user and
group IDs and names.
logout Logs out of the shell.
popd Modifies the current directory
stack.
ps Displays status of processes OpenVMS DCL SHOW
on the system. SYSTEM or SHOW
PROCESS/SUBPROCESS
pushd Modifies the current directory
stack.
pwd Displays the current working OpenVMS DCL SHOW
directory. DEFAULT
sh Invokes a shell.
sleep Pauses for a specified time. OpenVMS WAIT
tee Sends output to multiple
destinations.
times Displays user and system
times.
uname Displays the name of the
system.
wait Waits for background processes
to complete.
(continued on next page)
4
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Command_Manipulation_____________________________________________
alias Provides command name Similar to the
translation. OpenVMS DCL line:
$ symbol =[=] "string"
see unalias
break Terminates a loop in the
shell.
(continued on next page)
5
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
Command_Manipulation_____________________________________________
builtin Runs a shell built-in.
case Executes commands selectively.
command Executes a simple command.
continue Resumes execution at the top
of a loop.
declare Declares variables and their
attributes.
echo Echoes input to standard Similar to
output. OpenVMS DCL line:
$ WRITE SYS$OUTPUT
enable Enables or disables built-in
shell commands.
eval Constructs a command.
exec Executes commands outside of
the current shell.
export Sets the export attributes.
expr Reads an expression, evaluates
it, and writes the result to
standard output.
false Returns a nonzero exit value. See true
for Executes a command in a loop.
function Creates a simple command.
getopts Gets input options.
(continued on next page)
6
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
Command_Manipulation_____________________________________________
hash Provides direct access to
utilities.
if Executes commands selectively.
let Evaluates arithmetic
expressions.
local Creates a local variable.
(continued on next page)
7
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
Command_Manipulation_____________________________________________
read Reads a line from standard OpenVMS DCL READ
input.
readonly Sets the readonly attribute on
shell variables or functions.
return Returns from the current shell
function.
select Processes commands
selectively.
set Sets shell flags and
positional parameters.
shift Shifts positional parameters.
source Executes commands from a file.
test Evaluates an expression.
trap Intercepts exception
conditions.
true Returns a zero exit value.
type Displays command information.
typeset Assigns attributes and values
to variable.
unalias Removes command name OpenVMS DCL
translation. DELETE/SYMBOL; see
alias
unset Unsets values and attributes
of variables and functions.
until Executes commands in a loop
until a condition is reached.
while Executes commands in a loop
until a condition is reached.
(continued on next page)
8
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Program_Creation_________________________________________________
cc Compile links; invokes C DECC or CXX must be
compiler. installed
cxx Compiles links; invokes C++ DECC or CXX must be
compiler. installed
gcc Compiles links; invokes C/C++ DECC or CXX must be
compiler. installed
ld Invokes the linker.
make Builds programs. Maintains up- Similar to MMS
to-date versions of target (Module Management
files and performs shell System).
commands.
_________________________________________________________________
User-Level_Administration________________________________________
chmod Changes file permissions. OpenVMS DCL SET
SECURITY or SET
PROTECTION
chown Changes owner of a file. OpenVMS DCL SET
FILE/OWNER
df Displays amount of free disk OpenVMS DCL
space in a system. SHOW DEVICE/FULL
share Displays list of NFS shares.
touch Updates the access and
modification dates of a file.
ulimit Displays and sets file size
limit.
umask Displays and sets the file
creation mask.
_________________________________________________________________
System-Level_Administration______________________________________
chgrp Changes group ownership. OpenVMS DCL SET ACL
(continued on next page)
9
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
(continued on next page)
10
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ar Archives files. OpenVMS LIBRARY
cat Concatenates files; displays OpenVMS DCL TYPE; see
or prints files. head, more
cksum Displays checksum and byte See sum
count of a file.
cmp Compares two files, showing OpenVMS DCL
first difference only (for a DIFFERENCE; see comm,
quick check). diff
comm Compares two sorted text See cmp, diff
files; output is three columns
showing (1) lines in file1
only, (2) lines in file2
only, (3) lines common to
both files.
cp Copies files to a new OpenVMS DCL COPY
destination.
csplit Splits a file into new files
containing segments of the
original file.
diff Compares two files, showing OpenVMS DCL
all differences. DIFFERENCE; see cmp,
comm
egrep Searches for text in a file. OpenVMS DCL SEARCH;
UNIX: grep -e
fgrep Searches for text in a file. OpenVMS DCL SEARCH;
UNIX: grep -f
find Searches down directory trees OpenVMS DIR
for a file (no need to know [...]filename; see
device!). ls
grep Searches for text in a file. OpenVMS DCL SEARCH;
see egrep and fgrep
gunzip Decrypt a file. See gzip
(continued on next page)
11
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
File_Manipulation________________________________________________
gzip Encrypt a file. See gunzip
(continued on next page)
12
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
File_Manipulation________________________________________________
head Displays the beginning of See cat, lpr
files.
join Joins lines of two files See paste
(fields) in output.
less Displays a file one screen at OpenVMS DCL
a time. TYPE/PAGE; see more
ln Link (creates an alias OpenVMS DCL SET
filename). FILE/ENTRY
ls Displays contents of a OpenVMS DCL
directory. DIRECTORY; see find
mkdir Creates a directory. OpenVMS DCL
CREATE/DIRECTORY
mkfile Creates a file. OpenVMS DCL CREATE
more Displays a file one screen at OpenVMS DCL
a time TYPE/PAGE; see less
mv Moves files to a new location OpenVMS DCL RENAME
or renames files.
paste Joins corresponding lines of See join
several files, or subsequent
lines in one file.
rm Deletes files. OpenVMS DCL DELETE
rmdir Deletes a directory.
split Splits a file into multiple
files.
sum Displays a checksum for a
file.
(continued on next page)
13
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
File_Manipulation________________________________________________
tar Archives files. This runs VMSTAR, a
tool similar to tar.
It is not a genuine
UNIX tar utility.
OpenVMS BACKUP. See
Section 2.2.
unzip Retrieves archived files.
zcat Expands compressed files.
zip Archives files.
(continued on next page)
14
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Text_Processing__________________________________________________
cut Locates specified fields of
each line of a file and writes
the characters in those fields
to standard output. Displays
columns of a file.
expand Replaces tab characters with See unexpand.
spaces in the named files
or in the standard input,
and writes the result to the
standard output.
fmt Formats text of a file to a See fold
specified width.
fold Formats file by wrapping lines See fmt
at the specified width.
nl Numbers lines in a file.
od Writes the contents of a
file to standard output, in a
specified format.
sed Invokes a stream editor.
sort Sorts the lines of a file.
(continued on next page)
15
Table_1_(Cont.)_GNV_Utilities____________________________________
Utility_____Description_____________________Comments/Exceptions__
Text_Processing__________________________________________________
tr Finds and replaces characters
in a file.
unexpand Replaces spaces with tab See expand
characters in the data from
the standard input, or in the
named files, and writes the
result to the standard output.
uniq Removes duplicate lines from a
file.
vi Invokes a text editor OpenVMS EDIT; see
similating the standard UNIX Section 2.2
vi text editor.
wc Displays the number of lines,
words, and characters in a
text file.
_________________________________________________________________
Printing_________________________________________________________
lp__________Prints_a_file._______________________________________
2.2 Utilities Exhibiting Variant Behavior
The following GNV utilities have been observed to exhibit
behavior that varies from their UNIX counterparts:
o tar (this runs the OpenVMS utility VMSTAR, which differs
slightly from the the genuine UNIX tar utility)
o vi (this runs the OpenVMS utility TPU, which differs
slightly from the genuine UNIX vi utility)
o The intent of GNV is that all utilies accept UNIX-style
file specifications. (that is, those containing slash
"/", single or double dots ".", "..", and so forth.)
In fact, several utilities included in GNV were ported
to OpenVMS previously, and can accept OpenVMS-style
16
file specifications. In fact, some may not accept UNIX-
style file specifications. These will be fixed in future
versions of GNV after we test for this problem.
o unzip
o others
3 Installation Instructions
This section includes directions for installing GNV
onto your OpenVMS system. The latest GNV software is
included in [GNV.KIT] on the Open Source Tools CD-
ROM. You can also downline load the GNV software from
http://h71000.www7.hp.com/OPENSOURCE/opensource.html or
http://gnv.sourceforge.net.
3.1 Installing the GNV Software on Your System Disk
To install the GNV software on your system disk, follow
these steps:
1. Load the installation kit media onto an available drive.
2. Log in to the SYSTEM account (at the login prompt, enter
user name SYSTEM and the appropriate password), or an
account with equivalent privileges.
3. At the DCL prompt ($), type the following command,
as shown, where device-name is the name of the device
containing the kit (a CD-ROM drive).
$ PRODUCT INSTALL GNV /SOURCE=device-name:[GNV.KIT]
To install your GNV software on a location other than
the system disk, see Section 3.2.
4. When you enter the PRODUCT INSTALL command, the system
responds with a display similar to the following:
The following product has been selected:
DEC AXPVMS GNV V1.5 Layered Product
Do you want to continue? [YES]
17
Continue the procedure by pressing the ENTER key for
the default (YES). The system responds as shown in the
example below. The procedure might take several minutes
and numerous messages might be displayed on the screen.
In response to each prompt displayed by the system,
choose the default answer.
Configuration phase starting . . .:
You will be asked to choose options, if any, for each selected product
and for any products that may be installed to satisfy software
dependency requirements.
DEC AXPVMS GNV V1.5
Do you want the defaults for all options? [YES]
Note that the only option with GNV is whether to include
the source files with the installation. The default is
YES.
5. Accept the default for all options by pressing the ENTER
key. The system responds by asking whether you want to
review all the options:
Do you want to review the options? [NO]
6. Proceed with the GNV installation by pressing the ENTER
key to accept the default (NO, skip review of options).
The installation proceeds with a progress report on the
product installation as in the following example:
Execution phase starting . . .:
The following product will be installed to destination:
DEC AXPVMS GNV V1.5 DISK$ALPHASYS:[VMS$COMMON.]
Portion done:0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%
...80%...90%..100%
The following product has been installed:
DEC AXPVMS GNV V1.5 Layered Product
When the installation procedure is complete, the system
returns you to the DCL prompt ($).
7. Finally, perform the steps described in Section 4 to set
up GNV properly.
18
3.2 Installing Your GNV Software on a Location Other Than the
System Disk
You can use the PRODUCT INSTALL command to install GNV on
a location other than the system disk by specifying the
location with the /DESTINATION qualifier. The target disk
must be an ODS-5 disk.
The procedure for installing GNV on a location other than
the system disk is equivalent to the steps outlined in
Section 3.1, except the PRODUCT INSTALL command format in
step 3 would be:
$ PRODUCT INSTALL GNV /SOURCE=device-name:[GNV.KIT] /DESTINATION=device-name
Note that the GNV$STARTUP.COM file is placed in the
[SYS$STARTUP] directory on the target disk. You must
either copy it to your SYS$COMMON:[SYS$STARTUP]
directory or invoke it on the target disk from your
SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM file. For more information
on the SYS$STARTUP.COM file, see Section 4.
3.3 If You Move the Target Disk After Installation
The installation procedure creates file GNV_DESTINATION.COM
in the [SYS$STARTUP] directory. This file points to the
target location of the GNV kit, including the physical
device specification of the target disk. If you should
move the disk on which you installed GNV, edit the GNV_
DESTINATION.COM file so that the device specification
correctly reflects the new location.
4 Setup Requirements
GNV provides the following command procedures for use with
your system.
1. SYS$STARTUP:GNV$STARTUP.COM - This file, located in
the [SYS$STARTUP] directory of the disk on which you
installed GNV, should be executed automatically at
startup time. To have it executed at startup time, add
the following line to your SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM
file if you installed GNV on the system disk:
$ @SYS$STARTUP:GNV$STARTUP.COM
19
If you installed GNV on a disk other than the system
disk, add the following line instead, where device-name
is the device specification of the disk where GNV was
installed.
$ @device-name:[SYS$STARTUP]GNV$STARTUP.COM
This file makes certain required system-wide
definitions. Most importantly, it defines the GNU
logical to point to the GNV top level directory.
2. GNU:[LIB]GNV_SETUP.COM - This file is to be executed
by each user who will be using GNV. A user can have the
file executed automatically at login by incorporating it
in the user's LOGIN.COM file. If all users of a system
will be using GNV, then this file may be executed in the
system-wide LOGIN.COM file: SYS$MANAGER:SYLOGIN.COM.
This file defines certain process-private symbols
that cannot be implemented systemwide. These must be
implemented on a per-user basis.
5 Using GNV
To use GNV, simply enter enter the bash command at the
OpenVMS DCL prompt. The bash$ prompt will then appear, as
in the following example.
$ bash
bash$
Enter bash commands at this prompt, as shown in the
following example, in which the ls command is entered:
bash$ ls
Alternatively, you can enter a single bash command at the
OpenVMS DCL prompt, in the following format:
$ bash -c bash-command
For example, to enter the ls command from the OpenVMS DCL
prompt, type the following line. After the contents of the
working directory are displayed, the OpenVMS DCL prompt
appears again.
20
$ bash -c ls
accountng.dat desktop.dir
errorlog. app.exe
help.dir
$
If the command you are entering has two or more components,
the command and components must be surrounded by double
quotes as in the following example:
$ bash -c "ls -al"
6 General Environmental Differences Between GNV/OpenVMS and UNIX
Systems
This section discusses some of the differences observed
between GNV features and utilities on OpenVMS and their
counterparts on UNIX systems.
6.1 Root Directory
OpenVMS systems do not have a root directory similar to
that of UNIX systems. The UNIX root directory (/) is the
top level of the system file hierarchy. All directories
on the system, irrespective of the physical device, are
located under the root. On a native OpenVMS system, the
closest entity to the UNIX root directory is the toplevel
directory of a specific device. The character "/" is not
recognized as a directory.
GNV makes use of a feature of the CRTL to implement a
substitute UNIX root. GNV points this root at the primary
GNV directory, generally on the system disk. Further, GNV
creates a number of directories commonly found immediately
under a UNIX root directory: /etc, /usr, /bin, /lib etc.
This root directory is the top level of the GNV directory
tree. You may use it to locate numerous files and
directories. However, unlike a UNIX system, it is not true
that all files and directories in the system can be found
under the root.
21
6.2 Multiple Versions of a File
OpenVMS operating systems maintain multiple versions of
a file, with the highest version number being the most
recent. UNIX maintains only the most recent version of
a file. With a few exceptions, GNV supports this UNIX
feature. For example, the rm utility removes all versions
of a file. The following are some of the utilities that
still act only on the most recent version of a file,
leaving earlier versions in place:
o mv
o chmod
o chown
o ln
For example, if you use mv to move (or rename) a file,
only the highest version number file is moved. The lower
versions (older) files are left in place.
6.3 Case Sensitivity in File Names
Normally, OpenVMS systems are not case sensitive. However,
on ODS-5 devices you can enable case sensitivity for file
names by using the following command at the OpenVMS DCL
prompt or in a login command file:
SET PROCESS/CASE=SENSITIVE/PARSE_STYLE=EXTENDED
6.4 Variances in Interpretation of Characters and Unsupported
Characters
This section describes differences in the way OpenVMS GNV
and the UNIX operating system interpret certain characters
and lists characters that are unsupported.
6.4.1 File Names Beginning with a Period
OpenVMS lets you create a file name beginning with a
period. The OpenVMS DIRECTORY command will list such files.
UNIX systems consider such files as hidden. The UNIX ls
command does not list such files unless, for example, the
-a option is used or the file name is specified in the
command line.
22
6.4.2 Control Characters
The following control sequences do not work as expected:
o CTRL/C (the response depends on the circumstances; if
you do not get the expected response, try using CTRL/Y
to bring you to the DCL prompt, and then enter the
DCL CONTINUE command to bring you back to the original
prompt or interrupted process)
o CTRL/Y (instead of bringing you to the previous command
entered, this sequence might bring you back to the DCL
prompt, stopping the bash program; try entering CTRL/Y a
second time)
The CTRL/@ sequence has not been tested.
7 Reporting Problems
All normal problem-reporting channels are available for GNV
users to report problems with the GNV software provided
with OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.3-2 and OpenVMS Industry
Standard 64 (I64) Version 8.1. Please note that OpenVMS
engineering cannot guarantee resolution of all reported
problems in this kit but will do its best to address all
reports in a timely manner.
8 Bug Fixes
The latest GNV software includes fixes to bugs found on the
preceding version of GNV (V1.5-5). The fixes will apply to
GNV running on either Alpha or I64 systems.
o Installation to alternate destinations
In previous versions of GNV, when installing to a
location other than the default system disk, the
startup files would fail to correctly define required
logical names. This problem has been resolved. For more
information on installing to a location other than the
system disk, see Section 3.2.
o bash
Resolved problems with PATH_SEPARATOR encountered with
some configure scripts.
o make
Resolved problem with shell substitution
23
o sed
Enhanced handling of UNIX-style file specifications
9 Documentation
Table 2 lists documentation provided with the GNV kit.
Once you have installed the GNV software, you can find the
documentation files in the directories indicated.
Table 3 lists sources of information on the Internet.
GNV includes the MAN utility, ported from GNU MAN. Also
included are MAN page files for most of the utilities
included in the GNV kit. Again, these MAN page files are
extracted from GNU sources and might not exactly represent
the utilities included with GNV.
________________________ Note ________________________
Most of the MAN page files have filenames with
multiple dots. If you attempt to install GNV on an
ODS-2 disk, these files will be missing, and MAN will
be unable to find them.
______________________________________________________
_____________________ Disclaimer _____________________
The documentation listed in Table 2 is derived from
a variety of sources and presented as is. HP has
not reviewed these for correctness, accuracy, nor
usability. These documents might not represent the
version of the software provided with the GNV kit. For
example, the bash reference manual (BASH_REFERENCE_
MANUAL.TXT) provided with this kit documents bash
Version 2; this kit provides bash Version 1.14.
In addition, most of these documents are specific to
GNU, not to the GNV kit or the utilities provided with
OpenVMS.
At least several documents are .TEX source files
(.TEXINFO). Many of these documents might not print or
display correctly. Nevertheless, they might contain
valuable information. Many of the .TXT files are
24
nroff files. The .INFO files are generally clean and
printable.
If you are looking for documentation of some GNU (or
UNIX) command, and it is not available with the GNV
kit, you can often find a MAN page or other document
either on your favorite UNIX system or on the Internet
(see Table 3 for several pointers). Obviously, such
documents might not match the version of the software
provided with GNV, but they will at least give you a
general idea of how the software works.
______________________________________________________
In the following table, page counts are provided where
appropriate and are approximations.
Table_2_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________________
_____File_Name_______Description_and_Comments______________
GNU:[000000]_or_/gnu_______________________________________
GNVREADME_ This document, which provides
FIRST. (.HTML, GNV product information and
.PDF, .PS, installation/setup instructions. Also
.TXT) available on the Open Source Tools CD
documentation area. 30 pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.BASH]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/bash____________________
INSTALL. Provides build and installation
instructions for bash on GNU; not
necessarily applicable to GNV on
OpenVMS. Four pages.
NEWS. Lists recently fixed bash bugs. One
page.
RELEASE. Describes new features of bash. Five
pages.
(continued on next page)
25
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
_____File_Name_______Description_and_Comments______________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.BASH.DOCUMENTATION] or
/gnu/src/gnv/bash/documentation____________________________
ARTICLE (.MS, White paper on bash. 11 pages.
.PS, .TXT)
BASH (.1, .PS, MAN page. Source unknown. The .TXT
.TXT) file contains some unprintable text.
37 pages.
BASH_ Reference manual describing the
REFERENCE_ features and functionality of bash.
MANUAL.TXT This manual documents bash Version 2.
This kit contains bash Version 1.14.
This manual documents features not
present in the provided software. For
example, two such features are (1)
arrays and (2) several invocation
options (for example, bash -r).
Approximately 100 pages.
BUILTINS (.1, MAN page that documents the bash
PS, .TXT) built-in commands. 11 pages.
FAQ. Contains a set of frequently-asked
questions concerning bash. 12 pages.
FEATURES A 1994 document describing bash
(.DVI, .INFO, features and functionality.
.PS, .TEXI)
READLINE (.3, MAN page documenting the readline()
.PS, .TXT) API. Useful for understanding bash
command-line processing.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.BASH.CWRU]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/bash/cwru__________
POSIX.NOTES Discussion of bash's POSIX mode. One
page.
(continued on next page)
26
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
_____File_Name_______Description_and_Comments______________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.BASH.LIB.READLINE.DOC] or
/gnu/src/gnv/bash/lib/readline/doc_________________________
HISTORY.PS Documents the history function
(command-line recall) of readline.
For both users and programmers. 18
pages.
HISTORY.INFO Technical guide to the history
library. 12 pages.
HSTECH.TEXINFO Programmer's guide to the history
library.
HSUSER.TEXINFO User's guide to the history library.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.BASH.LIB.TERMCAP.GROT] or
/gnu/src/gnv/bash/lib/termcap/grot_________________________
TERMCAP.INFO* This series of files provides
programmer's information about the
termcap library. 100 pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.FINDUTILS.4_1]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/findutils/4_1__
README. Technical usage notes for the find
utility. One page.
INSTALL. Build and installation instructions
applicable primarily to GNU on UNIX
systems. Four pages.
NEWS. New features in recent versions of the
find utility. Four pages.
COPYING. GNU General Public License
regulations. Six pages.
(continued on next page)
27
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.FINDUTILS.4_1.DOC] or
/gnu/src/gnv/findutils/4_1/doc_____________________________
FIND.INFO-1 User's guide for find utility. 25
pages.
FIND.INFO-2 Continuation of the user's guide. 18
pages.
FIND.TEXI Source file for the user's guide.
PERM.TEXI Discussion of UNIX file permissions.
Six pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.GREP.GREP-2_4_2] or /gnu/src/gnv/grep/grep-2_
4_2________________________________________________________
NEWS. New features in recent versions of
grep. Three pages.
README. Readme file for grep. One page.
AUTHORS. Acknowledgements. One page.
THANKS. Acknowledgements. One page.
COPYING. GNU General Public License
regulations. Six pages.
INSTALL. Build and installation instructions
for the GNU version of grep. Four
pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.GREP.GREP-2_4_2.DOC] or
/gnu/src/gnv/grep/grep-2_4_2/doc___________________________
GREP (.1, User's guide for grep. 13 pages.
.INFO, .TEXI)
(continued on next page)
28
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.SED.SED-3_02]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/sed/sed-3_02____
COPYING. GNU General Public License
regulations. Six pages.
INSTALL. Build and installation instructions
for the GNU version of sed. Four
pages.
NEWS. New featuers introduced in recent
versions of sed. One page.
README. Readme file for sed. One page.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.SED.SED-3_02.DOC] or /gnu/src/gnv/sed/sed-3_
02/doc_____________________________________________________
SED (.1, User's guide for sed. 10 pages.
.INFO, .TEXI)
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.MAKE.MAKE]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/make/make__________
README.VMS Release notes for the OpenVMS version
of make. One page.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.LESS.LESS-358]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/less/less-358__
LESS.HLP OpenVMS help file for the less
utility. Four pages.
LESS.MAN MAN page text file for the less
utility. 30 pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.TAR]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/tar______________________
AAAREADME.TXT Build instructions and release for
OpenVMS tar. Three pages.
(continued on next page)
29
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
_____File_Name_______Description_and_Comments______________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.VITPU.DOC]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/vitpu/doc__________
HOW-VI-WORKS. Information on the internals of the
vi text editor. Notes from developers.
Three pages.
README. Readme file for vi. Four pages.
TUTOR (.MEM, User's guide for novice vi text editor
.RNO, .RNT, users. Six pages.
.RNX)
VI (.HLP, Help file and guide to using the
.HLB, .MEM, OpenVMS VITPU utility that emulates
.RNO, .RNT) the vi text editor. 27 pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.GZIP]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/gzip____________________
GZIP (.1, User's guide for gzip. Six pages.
.DOC, .INFO,
.TEXI)
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.ZIP.MAN]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/zip/man______________
ZIP.1 User's guide for zip in source format.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.ZIP]_/gnu/src/gnv/zip_________________________
ZIP.HLP Help file (OpenVMS) for zip.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.UNZIP]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/unzip__________________
UNZIP.HLP Help file (OpenVMS) for unzip.
UNZIP.TXT User's guide for unzip.
README. Readme file for unzip.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[SRC.GNV.UNZIP.MAN]_or_/gnu/src/gnv/unzip/man__________
UNZIP.1 User's guide for unzip.
(continued on next page)
30
Table_2_(Cont.)_GNV-Supplied_Documentation_________________
_____File_Name_______Description_and_Comments______________
GNU:[LIB-LIBGDBM]_or_/gnu/lib-libgdbm______________________
README.TXT Describes GNU C libgdbm library
components provided for OpenVMS Alpha
and I64 systems. Describes how to
build libgbdm, and lists the files
provided, restrictions, and changes
made for OpenVMS. Three pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[LIB-LIBHASH]_or_/gnu/lib-libhash______________________
README.TXT Describes GNU C libhash library
components provided for OpenVMS Alpha
and I64 systems. Describes how to
build libhash, and lists the files
provided, restrictions, and changes
made for OpenVMS. Two pages.
___________________________________________________________
GNU:[LIB-LIBREGEX]_or_/gnu/lib-libregex____________________
README.TXT Describes GNU C libregex library
components provided for OpenVMS Alpha
and I64 systems. Describes how to
build libregex, and lists the files
provided, restrictions, and changes
_____________________made_for_OpenVMS._Two_pages.__________
Table_3_External_Sources_of_Information____________________
Description______location__________________________________
GNU Project http://www.gnu.org
Website
GNV OpenVMS http://gnv.sourceforge.net
Website____________________________________________________
31
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