Patch Package:           OTP 28.1
Git Tag:                 OTP-28.1
Date:                    2025-09-17
Trouble Report Id:       OTP-16607, OTP-19552, OTP-19619, OTP-19642,
                         OTP-19646, OTP-19647, OTP-19648, OTP-19649,
                         OTP-19651, OTP-19655, OTP-19657, OTP-19659,
                         OTP-19660, OTP-19666, OTP-19667, OTP-19669,
                         OTP-19671, OTP-19677, OTP-19681, OTP-19685,
                         OTP-19686, OTP-19688, OTP-19689, OTP-19693,
                         OTP-19694, OTP-19696, OTP-19698, OTP-19704,
                         OTP-19706, OTP-19714, OTP-19719, OTP-19721,
                         OTP-19722, OTP-19723, OTP-19724, OTP-19725,
                         OTP-19726, OTP-19727, OTP-19728, OTP-19730,
                         OTP-19731, OTP-19733, OTP-19735, OTP-19736,
                         OTP-19737, OTP-19739, OTP-19745, OTP-19749,
                         OTP-19752, OTP-19754, OTP-19756, OTP-19757,
                         OTP-19758, OTP-19759, OTP-19760
Seq num:                 ERIERL-1209, ERIERL-1231, GH-10002, GH-10020,
                         GH-10057, GH-10061, GH-10065, GH-10072,
                         GH-10077, GH-10079, GH-10097, GH-10102,
                         GH-5697, GH-5756, GH-9631, GH-9638, GH-9771,
                         GH-9816, GH-9875, GH-9901, GH-9903, GH-9972,
                         GH-9987, OTP-16608, PR-10004, PR-10009,
                         PR-10011, PR-10014, PR-10019, PR-10034,
                         PR-10046, PR-10051, PR-10066, PR-10076,
                         PR-10084, PR-10085, PR-10087, PR-10090,
                         PR-10091, PR-10093, PR-10094, PR-10104,
                         PR-10106, PR-10108, PR-10112, PR-10113,
                         PR-10120, PR-10121, PR-10140, PR-10142,
                         PR-10146, PR-10147, PR-10153, PR-9589,
                         PR-9721, PR-9796, PR-9815, PR-9832, PR-9843,
                         PR-9853, PR-9862, PR-9869, PR-9876, PR-9879,
                         PR-9896, PR-9897, PR-9898, PR-9900, PR-9906,
                         PR-9909, PR-9912, PR-9927, PR-9949, PR-9954,
                         PR-9969, PR-9976, PR-9982, PR-9990
System:                  OTP
Release:                 28
Application:             asn1-5.4.2, common_test-1.29, compiler-9.0.2,
                         crypto-5.7, debugger-6.0.3, edoc-1.4.1,
                         erl_interface-5.6.1, erts-16.1, inets-9.4.2,
                         kernel-10.4, megaco-4.8.1, mnesia-4.24.1,
                         observer-2.18.1, os_mon-2.11.1,
                         public_key-1.18.3, runtime_tools-2.3,
                         snmp-5.19.1, ssl-11.4, stdlib-7.1,
                         syntax_tools-4.0.1, tools-4.1.3, wx-2.5.2,
                         xmerl-2.1.6
Predecessor:             OTP 28.0.4

Check out the git tag OTP-28.1, and build a full OTP system including documentation. Apply one or more applications from this build as patches to your installation using the 'otp_patch_apply' tool. For information on install requirements, see descriptions for each application version below.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Added support for quantum crypto signature algorithm ML-DSA (ssl and public_key) and key exchange algorithm ML-KEM (ssl).

Own Id: OTP-19552\ Application(s): public_key, ssl\ Related Id(s): PR-10004

• A User's Guide to dbg is now available in the documentation.

Own Id: OTP-19655\ Application(s): runtime_tools\ Related Id(s): PR-9853

• Support for ML-DSA and ML-KEM provided by OpenSSL 3.5.

Algorithms mldsa44, mldsa65 and mldsa87 can be passed to crypto:sign/4 and crypto:verify/5.

New functions crypto:encapsulate_key/2 and crypto:decapsulate_key/3 can be used with mlkem512, mlkem768 and mlkem1024 to safely generate and communicate an encapsulated shared secret.

Own Id: OTP-19657\ Application(s): crypto\ Related Id(s): PR-9900

• TLS server now fails early for supplied PEM file issues, such as the file not being found.

Own Id: OTP-19706\ Application(s): ssl\ Related Id(s): GH-9631, PR-10046

POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

• The internal inet_dns_tsig and inet_res modules have been fixed to TSIG verify the correct timestamp.

In the process two undocumented error code atoms have been corrected to notauth and notzone to adhere to the DNS RFCs. Code that relied on the previous incorrect values may have to be corrected.

Own Id: OTP-19756\ Application(s): kernel\ Related Id(s): PR-10146

OTP-28.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When any Erlang/OTP application has been disabled by configure, warnings from ex_doc when building the documentation are now disabled.

Own Id: OTP-19646\ Related Id(s): GH-9875, PR-9876

• ./otp_build now respects TYPE and FLAVOR to when set.

Own Id: OTP-19677\ Related Id(s): PR-9954

• Rendering of some tables in the documentation has been improved.

Own Id: OTP-19752\ Related Id(s): PR-10142

Improvements and New Features

• In Efficiency Guide, the section about setelement/3 in Common Caveats has been updated.

Own Id: OTP-19749\ Related Id(s): PR-10140

asn1-5.4.2

The asn1-5.4.2 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Decoding a constrained BIT STRING using JER was broken.

Own Id: OTP-19681\ Related Id(s): PR-9949

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

Full runtime dependencies of asn1-5.4.2

erts-14.0, kernel-9.0, stdlib-5.0

common_test-1.29

The common_test-1.29 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Improvements and New Features

• Improved printing of maps. Map keys are now printed in the same order as maps:iterator(Map, ordered) would sort them.

Own Id: OTP-19642\ Related Id(s): ERIERL-1231, PR-9862

• ct:print will now suppress printing of timestamp and heading when the heading option is set to the empty string.

Own Id: OTP-19714\ Related Id(s): PR-10051

Full runtime dependencies of common_test-1.29

compiler-6.0, crypto-4.5, debugger-4.1, erts-7.0, ftp-1.0, inets-6.0, kernel-8.4, observer-2.1, runtime_tools-1.8.16, sasl-2.5, snmp-5.1.2, ssh-4.0, stdlib-4.0, syntax_tools-1.7, tools-3.2, xmerl-1.3.8

compiler-9.0.2

The compiler-9.0.2 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed a compiler crash caused by patch order in destructive update.

Own Id: OTP-19660\ Related Id(s): GH-9903, PR-9909

• Fixed a compiler crash in beam_ssa_pre_codegen caused by wrong handling of multiple phi patches in the destructive update pass.

Own Id: OTP-19689\ Related Id(s): GH-9987, PR-9990

• Fixed a crash when a zip generator contains a map pattern.

Own Id: OTP-19693\ Related Id(s): GH-10002, PR-10009

• In rare circumstances, the compiler could crash when compiling code using bit syntax construction.

Own Id: OTP-19722\ Related Id(s): GH-10077, PR-10090

• A few minor bugs that could affect the beam_debug_info option were fixed.

Own Id: OTP-19758\ Related Id(s): PR-10153

Full runtime dependencies of compiler-9.0.2

crypto-5.1, erts-13.0, kernel-8.4, stdlib-6.0

crypto-5.7

The crypto-5.7 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

• Fixed bug seen to cause beam crash when doing init:restart() with crypto statically linked to OpenSSL (--disable-dynamic-ssl-lib). Bug exists since OTP 28.0.

Own Id: OTP-19721\ Related Id(s): GH-10061, PR-10076

• Fixed crypto:strong_rand_bytes failing after init:restart on MacOS with statically linked OpenSSL.

Own Id: OTP-19725\ Related Id(s): GH-10079, PR-10085

• Fixed crypto:hash(shake128 | shake256) for OpenSSL 3.4 and newer.

Own Id: OTP-19733\ Related Id(s): GH-9901, PR-9982

• Rendering of some tables in the documentation has been improved.

Own Id: OTP-19752\ Related Id(s): PR-10142

Improvements and New Features

• Support for ML-DSA and ML-KEM provided by OpenSSL 3.5.

Algorithms mldsa44, mldsa65 and mldsa87 can be passed to crypto:sign/4 and crypto:verify/5.

New functions crypto:encapsulate_key/2 and crypto:decapsulate_key/3 can be used with mlkem512, mlkem768 and mlkem1024 to safely generate and communicate an encapsulated shared secret.

Own Id: OTP-19657\ Related Id(s): PR-9900

*** HIGHLIGHT ***

• Added support for SHA2 512/224 and SHA2 512/256 truncated hashes.

Own Id: OTP-19666\ Related Id(s): PR-9721

Full runtime dependencies of crypto-5.7

erts-9.0, kernel-6.0, stdlib-3.9

debugger-6.0.3

The debugger-6.0.3 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed unbound error in interpreted modules

Own Id: OTP-19719\ Related Id(s): GH-10057, PR-10066

Full runtime dependencies of debugger-6.0.3

compiler-8.0, erts-15.0, kernel-10.0, stdlib-7.0, wx-2.0

edoc-1.4.1

The edoc-1.4.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Rendering of some tables in the documentation has been improved.

Own Id: OTP-19752\ Related Id(s): PR-10142

Full runtime dependencies of edoc-1.4.1

erts-11.0, inets-5.10, kernel-7.0, stdlib-4.0, syntax_tools-2.0, xmerl-1.3.7

erl_interface-5.6.1

The erl_interface-5.6.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Improvements and New Features

• Fixed C compiler warnings generated by codechecker.

Own Id: OTP-19671\ Related Id(s): PR-9832

Known Bugs and Problems

• The ei API for decoding/encoding terms is not fully 64-bit compatible since terms that have a representation on the external term format larger than 2 GB cannot be handled.

Own Id: OTP-16607\ Related Id(s): OTP-16608

erts-16.1

The erts-16.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Made sure to not set any terminal settings when they have not been changed. Doing so can trigger a SIGTTOU signal which would terminate Erlang when it should not.

Own Id: OTP-19685\ Related Id(s): PR-9906

• As an optimization, when the unicode:characters_to_binary/3 was used to convert from latin1 to utf8 or vice versa, it would return the original binary unchanged if it only contained 7-bit ASCII characters. That otpimization was broken in Erlang/OTP 27, and has now been mended.

Own Id: OTP-19728\ Related Id(s): GH-10072, PR-10093

Improvements and New Features

• Fixed C compiler warnings generated by codechecker.

Own Id: OTP-19671\ Related Id(s): PR-9832

• Added support in module re for export and import of compiled regular expression in order to safely move them between Erlang node instances.

Own Id: OTP-19730\ Related Id(s): PR-9976

• Added new erl command line flag +Mumadtn <bool> causing MADV_DONTNEED to be passed to madvise() instead of MADV_FREE.

Own Id: OTP-19739\ Related Id(s): PR-10113

Full runtime dependencies of erts-16.1

kernel-9.0, sasl-3.3, stdlib-4.1

inets-9.4.2

The inets-9.4.2 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed a RFC 2616 violation, where a http request, made by httpc, without providing any options, would be sent with an empty TE header, without also having a TE value in the connection header. Now the default request doesn't send a TE header at all.

Own Id: OTP-19760\ Related Id(s): GH-10065, PR-10120

Full runtime dependencies of inets-9.4.2

erts-14.0, kernel-9.0, mnesia-4.12, public_key-1.13, runtime_tools-1.8.14, ssl-9.0, stdlib-5.0, stdlib-6.0

kernel-10.4

The kernel-10.4 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A remote shell can now exit by closing the input stream, without terminating the remote node.

Own Id: OTP-19667\ Related Id(s): PR-9912

• The internal inet_dns_tsig and inet_res modules have been fixed to TSIG verify the correct timestamp.

In the process two undocumented error code atoms have been corrected to notauth and notzone to adhere to the DNS RFCs. Code that relied on the previous incorrect values may have to be corrected.

Own Id: OTP-19756\ Related Id(s): PR-10146

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Improvements and New Features

• The rudimentary DNS resolver inet_res has aqcuired 3 new functions inet_res:gethostbyname/4, inet_res;getbyname/4 and inet_res:gethostbyaddr/3, that all take an option list argument.

This option list can be used to override the Kernel application's resolver options when calling the inet_res function directly.

Own Id: OTP-19737\ Related Id(s): ERIERL-1209, PR-10112

Full runtime dependencies of kernel-10.4

crypto-5.0, erts-15.2.5, sasl-3.0, stdlib-6.0

megaco-4.8.1

The megaco-4.8.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Documentation improvements.

Own Id: OTP-19669\ Related Id(s): PR-9927

• Rendering of some tables in the documentation has been improved.

Own Id: OTP-19752\ Related Id(s): PR-10142

Full runtime dependencies of megaco-4.8.1

asn1-3.0, debugger-4.0, erts-12.0, et-1.5, kernel-8.0, runtime_tools-1.8.14, stdlib-2.5

mnesia-4.24.1

The mnesia-4.24.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Mnesia no longer crashes when the node name is used as a table name.

Own Id: OTP-19745\ Related Id(s): PR-10147

Full runtime dependencies of mnesia-4.24.1

erts-9.0, kernel-5.3, stdlib-5.0

observer-2.18.1

The observer-2.18.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• etop will now fully stop before returning from etop:stop/0.

Own Id: OTP-19754\ Related Id(s): PR-9815

Full runtime dependencies of observer-2.18.1

erts-15.0, et-1.5, kernel-10.0, runtime_tools-2.1, stdlib-5.0, wx-2.3

os_mon-2.11.1

The os_mon-2.11.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

Full runtime dependencies of os_mon-2.11.1

erts-14.0, kernel-9.0, sasl-4.2.1, stdlib-5.0

public_key-1.18.3

Note! The public_key-1.18.3 application cannot be applied independently of other applications on an arbitrary OTP 28 installation.

   On a full OTP 28 installation, also the following runtime
   dependency has to be satisfied:
   -- crypto-5.7 (first satisfied in OTP 28.1)

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

• Added missing reference to SignedAttributes so that it now works with the der_encode and der_decode functions.

Own Id: OTP-19727\ Related Id(s): PR-10091

Improvements and New Features

• Added support for quantum crypto signature algorithm ML-DSA (ssl and public_key) and key exchange algorithm ML-KEM (ssl).

Own Id: OTP-19552\ Related Id(s): PR-10004

*** HIGHLIGHT ***

Full runtime dependencies of public_key-1.18.3

asn1-5.0, crypto-5.7, erts-13.0, kernel-8.0, stdlib-4.0

runtime_tools-2.3

The runtime_tools-2.3 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

Improvements and New Features

• The default tracer is now aware that it is started by a remote shell (-remsh), in which case the traces will be sent to the remote group_leader to make the traces visible in the remote shell.

Own Id: OTP-19648\ Related Id(s): PR-9589

• A User's Guide to dbg is now available in the documentation.

Own Id: OTP-19655\ Related Id(s): PR-9853

*** HIGHLIGHT ***

Full runtime dependencies of runtime_tools-2.3

erts-16.0, kernel-10.0, mnesia-4.12, stdlib-6.0

snmp-5.19.1

The snmp-5.19.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Using ASN.1 generated code for decode/encode of basic types, starting with Counter64.

Own Id: OTP-19619\ Related Id(s): GH-5756, PR-9869

Improvements and New Features

• Reworked the timer handling of the (SNMP) manager start notification feature.

Own Id: OTP-19696\ Related Id(s): PR-10014

• Added missing specs to already documented functions.

Own Id: OTP-19723\ Related Id(s): PR-10087

Full runtime dependencies of snmp-5.19.1

asn1-5.4, crypto-4.6, erts-12.0, kernel-8.0, mnesia-4.12, runtime_tools-1.8.14, stdlib-5.0

ssl-11.4

Note! The ssl-11.4 application cannot be applied independently of other applications on an arbitrary OTP 28 installation.

   On a full OTP 28 installation, also the following runtime
   dependencies have to be satisfied:
   -- crypto-5.7 (first satisfied in OTP 28.1)
   -- public_key-1.18.3 (first satisfied in OTP 28.1)

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The sender side is now closed if an error occurs on the socket.

Own Id: OTP-19694\ Related Id(s): PR-10011

• The PEM cache process no longer crashes when a configured file has been deleted before it could be read.

Own Id: OTP-19698\ Related Id(s): GH-9638, PR-10019

• Corrected handling of ssl:sockname/1 for DTLS, so that it now will return the correct result in all situations.

Own Id: OTP-19736\ Related Id(s): GH-10097, PR-10108

• Rendering of some tables in the documentation has been improved.

Own Id: OTP-19752\ Related Id(s): PR-10142

Improvements and New Features

• Added support for quantum crypto signature algorithm ML-DSA (ssl and public_key) and key exchange algorithm ML-KEM (ssl).

Own Id: OTP-19552\ Related Id(s): PR-10004

*** HIGHLIGHT ***

• Now allowingsend/2to buffer data when using sockets backend. Use 'high_watermark' and 'low_watermark' to steer buffering as gen_tcp does.

Own Id: OTP-19651\ Related Id(s): PR-9879

• Now allowing the PSK identity to be the empty string in TLS-1.2 for compatibility reasons. It is allowed according to the spec, although providing a proper value makes more sense.

Own Id: OTP-19688\ Related Id(s): PR-9843

• TLS server now fails early for supplied PEM file issues, such as the file not being found.

Own Id: OTP-19706\ Related Id(s): GH-9631, PR-10046

*** HIGHLIGHT ***

Full runtime dependencies of ssl-11.4

crypto-5.7, erts-16.0, inets-5.10.7, kernel-10.3, public_key-1.18.3, runtime_tools-1.15.1, stdlib-7.0

stdlib-7.1

Note! The stdlib-7.1 application cannot be applied independently of other applications on an arbitrary OTP 28 installation.

   On a full OTP 28 installation, also the following runtime
   dependency has to be satisfied:
   -- erts-16.0.3 (first satisfied in OTP 28.0.3)

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The save_module/1 command in the shell now saves both the locally defined records and the imported records using the rr/1 command.

Own Id: OTP-19647\ Related Id(s): GH-9816, PR-9897

• It's now possible to write lists:map(fun is_atom/1, []) or lists:map(fun my_func/1, []) in the shell, instead of lists:map(fun erlang:is_atom/1, []) or lists:map(fun shell_default:my_func/1, []).

Own Id: OTP-19649\ Related Id(s): GH-9771, PR-9898

• The shell no longer crashes when requesting to auto-complete map keys containing non-atoms.

Own Id: OTP-19659\ Related Id(s): PR-9896

• A remote shell can now exit by closing the input stream, without terminating the remote node.

Own Id: OTP-19667\ Related Id(s): PR-9912

• Fixed guard check for is_record/2 in the linter.

Own Id: OTP-19704\ Related Id(s): GH-10020, PR-10034

Improvements and New Features

• Added a flag option shell_hints and function shell:hints/1. You can now disable the warning in the shell when a command is taking longer than 5 seconds.

Own Id: OTP-19759\ Related Id(s): PR-10121

Full runtime dependencies of stdlib-7.1

compiler-5.0, crypto-4.5, erts-16.0.3, kernel-10.0, sasl-3.0, syntax_tools-3.2.1

syntax_tools-4.0.1

The syntax_tools-4.0.1 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed zip generator crash in annotate_bindings/1

Own Id: OTP-19731\ Related Id(s): GH-10102, PR-10104

Full runtime dependencies of syntax_tools-4.0.1

compiler-9.0, erts-16.0, kernel-10.3, stdlib-7.0

tools-4.1.3

The tools-4.1.3 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Improvements and New Features

• Fixed some deprecations for newer emacs versions.

Own Id: OTP-19726\ Related Id(s): PR-10106

Full runtime dependencies of tools-4.1.3

compiler-8.5, erts-15.0, erts-15.0, kernel-10.0, runtime_tools-2.1, stdlib-6.0

wx-2.5.2

The wx-2.5.2 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• NIFs and linked-in drivers are now loadable when running in an Erlang source tree on Windows.

Own Id: OTP-19686\ Related Id(s): PR-9969

• Now avoiding that wx crashes the VM when running on OTP28+ due to one of the new compiler hardening options.

Own Id: OTP-19724\ Related Id(s): GH-9972, PR-10084

Improvements and New Features

• wx was missing licenses that come from OpenGL documentation and wxWidgets documentation.

Own Id: OTP-19735\ Related Id(s): PR-10094

Full runtime dependencies of wx-2.5.2

erts-12.0, kernel-8.0, stdlib-5.0

xmerl-2.1.6

The xmerl-2.1.6 application can be applied independently of other applications on a full OTP 28 installation.

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Corrected the bug that comments couldn't be exported.

#xmlComment elements is now exported when calling export/3 or export_simple/3 and similar functions. Top level comments will only be exported if one creates and export elements as a document.

Own Id: OTP-19757\ Related Id(s): GH-5697, PR-9796

Full runtime dependencies of xmerl-2.1.6

erts-6.0, kernel-8.4, stdlib-2.5

Thanks to

Alberto Sartori, Alexander Clouter, ausimian, Danil Zagoskin, dependabot[bot], Dmytro Lytovchenko, Dunya Kokoschka, Håkan Stenholm, Hans Svensson, Jan Uhlig, Magnus Henoch, Mend Renovate, Paulo Tomé, Rodolfo Carvalho, Savvas Nicholas, Simon Oulevay, Tomas Abrahamsson, Tom Schuster, Yaroslav Maslennikov